Sunday, May 20, 2007

Overall Work!!! Finally DONE!!!!


Ok I know. Heres another idiot trying to protect the environment. Go ahead and laugh. But let’s see whose laughing after you is read this.

Once upon a time, before man discover something call technology, there was Earth. And a beautiful one it was, without any damages or scars. Everything was wonderful, be it the environment or atmosphere. But good things don’t last long. Since mankind and began to evolve, they change the Earth rapidly, causing many damages to it in every way you can think of.

The environment, I believe, is very important to us. We live around it, walk about it, and sleep on it. What will happen if everything is gone one day? Will you still be able to release stress by looking at those green trees? Will you still be able to breathe in those fresh airs? These things that you often take for granted, might be gone at one go if we don’t cherish it now. Let alone using paper to write notes, you might not even have the paper for toilet!

Now on a serious tone. Let’s not talk about those stuff you use in your daily lives. IF there is ever one day, that the environment is totally destroyed, we human, as well as all living things, would not survive. So, what was I trying to say? Protect the environment before is gone completely.

Need more convincing? There is more to come. The environment affects us greatly. Our mood, our concentration and many more. Let’s first talk about how it affects us. Every living thing lives in the environment and is being affected by it.

For example, when there is a storm, we often seek shelter until the rain stops. What would happen if the rain doesn’t stop for like 5 days? It would cause flooding and you sure won’t like it. This is what would happen if there is a great change in the water cycle affected by global warming.

There are many causes which the environment is now affected by us human. There are many causes like growing population, technology advances and higher living demand and standard. Firstly on the population growth part. The population on earth is ever rising. Thus, there is more demand of food and water. This demand of more food leads to intensive agriculture.

Intensive agriculture is a big problem for countries with limited land. Because they do not have the extra land need for agriculture, they might have to rely on that same piece of land continually for many batch of crops without letting the land to have the time to “rest” and regain back its minerals. So therefore to make sure the crops have enough nutrients, lots of fertilizers are added to it, and here comes the problem.

These fertilizers must be wash off thoroughly as it is in about one third of our food. If not when we eat these fertilizers, we would be very sick. This would affect the economics of the sales of the crops. People will not be able to trust the crops and might not buy these type of crops anymore.

Another problem with intensive farming, like the farming of pigs, is that their waste must be clean thoroughly. Their waste actually harms we human by causing us headaches and irritation and sometimes even mood swings. So indirectly, how we affect the environment is actually how we affect ourselves.

Mostly importantly, these fertilizers, if not totally absorbed by the plants, would be run off can cause pollution to the river. As the chemicals enter the river, it promotes the rapid growth of the alga and planktons. This would block the amount of sunlight entering the river and reaching the bottom of the river for the aquatic plants to photosynthesis and make food.

Without the plants photosynthesis, there would not be enough oxygen for the fish to life on. They might die due to lack of oxygen in this process. So when humans damage the environment, other living things feel the effects too.

Fertilizers can cause another problem. That is there might be seepage to reach underground water and pollute the sea. People who are using those polluted water for drinking or bathing might also be harmed by those chemical in those fertilizers.

Recreationally, I would say that the growing demand of food use up many plot of land, and thus they were not able to be converted to useful and more economic buildings like high rise building and parks.

The second point I will be touching on would be technology advances all around the world. As we can see, low rise building is currently replaced by high rise building. This means that we require more resources in order to build these high storey building. And I refers this as a problem during mining.

Firstly, the price of natural minerals like steel and nickel are currently rising at an alarming rate. Thus, more company doing mining is searching for every source of site they can find gets these resources. People had found this as a way for them to earn money.

This had cause a great environment impact on the earth. Firstly, those mining for oil or metals which was done on soil, leaves behind a large area of useless land. This land can only be reclaimed through adding a lot of chemicals. But however, like fertilizers, these chemical is also harmful to the river and have the similar damage to the environment.

But that’s not all, since there is short of oil for mining on land; people had now even proceeded to mining of oil under water. They build oil rigs and drain every bit of oil that the earth have. In the process of doing so, they actually dirty the sea as some of the oil is leak on to the seabed. This would harm the corals on the surface of the seabed.

But when u chose not to reclaim this land, it would become a waste land and might even lead to desertification. Thus, the land would be useless and cannot be use for recreational areas like turning it to a river for water sports.

That’s not all advancing technology does. It makes use of a lot of machinery which produce a lot of smog. This is transboundery pollution which affect neighboring also, not only the hot country. And also due to the fact that it is spread by the wind, it is hard to control and be resolved.

With this amount of smog floating to the ozone layer, it causes the green house effect! It traps heat in the atmosphere and cause global warming. This leads to the melting of the North and the South Poles, rising sea water level and cause flooding. If that is not enough to harm the environment, the flooding will destroy the natural habitat of the animals and also destroy plant which might have great medicine values in them.

Furthermore, there will also be changes to the water cycle and the humidity of the air might also rises, causing more easier of forest fire to start in those hotter countries. Forest fire would destroy further more resources like timber for our use.

The last point, I will talk about how improving living standard and higher demand will cost us dearly from the environment. With higher living demand, we tend to change computers like every two or three years? Who can have the patient to wait the window to load slowly while you see your friends already hammering away at their computer games? This cost us a lot of new materials whenever we change them.

Also with better living standard, we would buy our own car and do not make use of those public transport. This is a big factor as cars mostly run on fuel and our supple of crude oil is running out very soon.

Not only that, remember enjoying the air-con while you’re snoring away in your dreams, the air-con you used actually produce CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). When these substances rise to the atmosphere level, they actually destroy the ozone molecules and allow more sunlight to enter earth. Thus the rate of people getting skin cancer is much higher nowadays. So while we enjoy ourselves, we are actually harming the environment.

For now, I would still say that the earth is healthy. Whenever we go, we still can see those lives of earth. (The trees) But I believe we must not wait any longer, if we wants to see these beautiful sceneries every morning, we would have to work on protecting the environment NOW!

The biggest threat of the environment I would say right now would be global warming as it can actually leads to many other nature problems like had mentions earlier above. Things would be much easier to solve if not for those few degrees that the earth’s temperature is rising every day.

For the restoration efforts, I believe every environmentalist in the world is cracking their heads just to find a solution for global warming. So in the mean time, I think we should help out them by doing simple but significant things like recycling our waste paper and not wasting energy when we don’t need to as every part that everyone played in, contribute to the great effort in helping to protect the environment and save the earth.


There are also many ways inventions have help in this process of saving energy and recycling. Like for example, there is now cars that runs on hydrogen which is good as it do not requires fuel. And also these cars run on hydrogen do not cause pollution. These days, there are also technologies to recycle our used concrete and make into another building this way, much resource would be saved and lesser mining is needed to be done.

Can the earth be saved? OF COURSE!

The earth is definitely worth saving. It is the place where we and all living things live in. Without it, all of us would be floating dead in space due to lack of oxygen. You might argue that we can simply move to a new planet to live in. But that means that we have to be on the move every few centuries. We would not have a home. Furthermore, are we be able to find a new planet that we can live in, every time we used up the resources of planet we moved to? Nothing can be confirmed.

But, if we stay on earth, everything will be different! We do not have to go through the trouble of finding a new planet every few centuries. We can have a place that we can strongly call home.

Also, for the environment, saving the earth is important. Remember I said that the environment affect our mood and concentration? This is how it goes. Firstly, where do think you prefer to study for exams? A quiet surrounding with the breeze of the wind blowing lightly on you, or a place where there is no trees to block the bright sunshine and the wind howling sand into your eyes? The quiet one I supposed? Therefore, the environment affects our mood very much.

What about concentration? Let me give you another example. Would you be able to study in a place with the construction hammering away next door? Or your house is located near the railways where the first train at 5am wakes you up every morning? With this noise pollution, there is no way we are able to do our things well.

Also, if we do not save the environment, there would be valuable medicine lost as those undiscovered plant is dies. They might be an important sources of medicine that might cure the next virus that hits us.

The biggest threat to the environment, needless to say, WE HUMANS. Due to the advance technology now, be it taking away food in a Styrofoam box, or switching on the air-con, these actions do not benefit the environment, but harm it. These boxes cannot be decomposed, furthermore, the contain lots of CFC which cause depletion of the ozone layer. If buried, they cause land wastage and pollution.

So how can the earth are saved? There are many ways which we can help out. Firstly, the government should educate the people about how important the environment is. People nowadays are taking the environment for granted. When they feel lazy to walk to the nearest dustbin, they just throw their litter on the floor. The first thing to do would be to make them step out of their comfort zone and participate in helping to save the environment. An effort of each person might seem very small. But if everyone is willing to contribute and help, great things can be done.

The second part is that we human should be responsible for what we do. We should destroy plants on mountain trips or diving. As we often hear people saying, take nothing but photos, leave nothing but footprints. Now this phrase really makes sense!

The industries should also contribute to help out in saving the earth. They should install air filters in their chimney to prevent those harmful gases to escape to the atmosphere and harm the people living around the area.

Farmers should clean away the waste properly, to prevent pollution. Also, limited fertilizers should also be used so that there won’t be water pollution and seepage of chemical of the underground. All these might seems simple but it takes time and patient to do it well.

Last but not least we human should try to recycle those used paper or materials those
belongs to us. Only when we all act as one and contribute to help, the earth can have a new hope for a better tomorrow!

So what are you waiting for? Take out your pen and write down how you can help the environment now! And also remember to recycle that piece of paper used. Have I convinced your that saving the earth is important? =) I told you would be the last one smiling.

Chapter 15 - Greenhouse Effects

Greenhouse Effect

From what I know of greenhouse gases, containing gases like sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and many more. The green house effect is a major blow to the environment. It is when these gases trap that sunlight which is supposed to be reflected back to space, but it cannot occur due to these green house gases. Then the greenhouse effect occurs.

This is when those trapped heat increase the temperature all around the world as they are not able to be reflected back to space. This process is called global warming. Global warming is a big problem for environmentalist. The increased temperature causes both the ice at the north and South Pole to melt, causing the rise in sea level. This might lead to flooding in those low lying areas or those countries completely surrounded by water.

Then, tropical diseases like Malaria will tend to spread more easily as the world temperature is on the rise. Also many living things like some plans might not be able to adapt to the temperature change and will die in the heat. Flooding also might cause the loss of some new species of plant which is not yet discovered to die, resulting in the lost of valuable medicine.

Furthermore, the water cycle might also be affected and so does the rain fall. Without stable rainfall, some crops might not be able to survive too. This might result in the lost of agriculture. Thus the food produced might not be able to support the increasing population.

Therefore, greenhouse effect is a very serious matter which cannot be dealt with lightly as it can cause a great impact to the environment.

20-05-07 9.25pm

Chapter 14 - Bhopal Gas tragedy

Bhopal Gas tragedy

At 3rd of December in 1984, a disaster strikes the city of Bhopal, Central India. The poisonous vapor from a pesticide plant was released into the air, killing more than 2000 people and 1000 animals. Even those who survived suffer from many diseases after a few years.

After the disaster, there was not much done to help the public who was suffering. Instead, there was a big lawsuit going on about who is responsible for the leakage of those poisonous vapor. Both the government and the Union Carbide did not want to take responsibilities and instead drag on the case of who should pay for the damage. In the process of doing so, more people actually suffers from the chemical.

http://www.hu.mtu.edu/hu_dept/tc@mtu/papers/bhopal.htm

My point of view

The government should have shared the responsibility with the Union Carbide. Then they should help the people who are suffering instead of trying to win law suit. They had over looked the fact that the people in their country need their help.

20-05-07 8.50pm

Chapter 13 - Cadmium in fertiliers/peanuts: Oz

Cadmium in fertilizers/peanuts: Oz

Cadmium is a natural occurring mineral that causes kidney damages if eaten in large amounts. It is found in many leafy green vegetables and also meat. There was large amount of these found in food. Therefore, there was regulation set up to reduce the number of cadmium present in the food.

The ministry had agreed on that only 0.1mg/kg of cadmium is allowed and this is set up in 17 December 1998. In this way, the intake of cadmium will be very low through food ad this would be safe for people who love eating seafood.

http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/newsroom/factsheets/factsheets1999/cadmiuminpeanuts.cfm

There is also reducing cadmium added to the plants in order to reduce the direct intake of cadmium which human have. It is also to stop the accumulation cadmium in soil. It would limit to 60mg/kg and 20mg/kg in 10 years time. It had been researched on and 60mg/kg is still a fast accumulation while 20mg/kg would be slow.

http://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/article1346/article1346.htm

My point of view

This would be very good as the lesser cadmium used would mean lesser harm to the environment and also to human. Reducing the amount of cadmium also protects the plants from too much chemicals. These cadmium might also be washed off to the river and pollute the river if not handled properly or applied too much.

20-05-07 8.26pm

Chapter 12 - Mercury poisoning in Siberia

Mercury poisoning in Siberia

There had been many cases which mercury had been released into the river by accidental factors like the one in Japan, Minimata Bay in 1952.It caused around 70 people to die and hundreds to be sick due to mercury poisoning.

This shows that mercury is actually a very toxic substance and they could affect us in many ways. Pregnant women and new born babies could harm their nervous system. This could also cause damage to their intestine and cause headaches, respiratory problems. This could also become more dangerous when the temperature reaches 30 degrees as the mercury will tend to evaporate.

People who drank water containing these mercury even die and had mercury found in their bodies. This would shows that the mercury is very poisoning. Thus when there is a release of mercury into the water, it would be very dangerous for those people living nearby the river as they will be affected even if they just breathe in these mercury.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2062595.stm

My point of view

From what I can understand, there should be measures taken into protecting the mercury plant from emitting any form of mercury so that the people living nearby will not suffer. This can be done though many ways and they can also help the people in this way.

Not asking for a big sum of money, but just enough money to help in cleaning the river will do the people well who live near these mercury plants. But the best way out will be preventing the mercury from leaking into the river as they would cause a huge problem of pollution to the environment.

20-05-07 8.03pm

Chapter 11 - Pollution in the Baltic

Pollution in the Baltic

In Baltic, fishes are at level lower then critical biological levels. This means that their numbers are reducing at an alarming rate and there is very little of them left. This would happen mainly due to the high pollution level in the sea and river. There is a big problem with the huge amount of alga and other plankton growth and lack of oxygen. This is a symptom of eutrophication.

As water take 25~30 years to refresh it, there is many problems due to the high pollutants in the sea. Sweden is greatly affected as their economic is mainly due to the fishing. As the number reduces, it takes a long time for them to replenish itself. During that period of time, if people still continue to fish, there may not be enough fishes and they may even be close to extinction.

The only solution so far is treatment, but the cost is high. However, the government is still thinking that the economy of the country is still more important than the environment. This way, they are quite unwilling to part with the huge sum of money for the treatment cost. The huge cost or treatment is due to the illegally dumping of waste into the sea.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3007228.stm

My point of view

From what I can see, there is still hope for the country to revive itself. As long as there is treatment of water going on, while the government work with the people to prevent anymore illegal dumping of waste into the sea, there can still be a day where the water is clean for the fish to breed and also for fishing.

Water is an importance source of resources as it has many uses like the cooling of machines, transporting of food, and in the case of Sweden, food and business opportunities. If the river and sea is dirty, and ships do not wish to come in to their country to trade, what’s there to talk about business let alone the country’s economy growth?

20-05-07 7.40pm

Chapter 10 - Effects of mining activities on the environment & human health

Effect of mining activities on the environment & human health

From what I had read, there is a major impact during the process of mining which affects the environment greatly. There were natural resources being mined everyday and this actually pollutes the environment in a very harmful way.

There was evidence of more mining taking place as the demand of these natural resources gets more demanding. More mining is taking to fulfill the needs and those people who work in mining company gets richer each day’s and they are expanding their company. Little do they care about that plot of land which is being mined everyday and harming the environment as the earth’s natural resources gets depleted each day.

However, this is not just earth feeling the impact of the damage done to the environment but also we humans. As these metals like nickel and zinc and copper, are mined out of the land, they become a waste land and the chemical applied to the land might be harmful to us. Research have been done and found out that these chemical could lead to throat irritation and even cancer.

These cases are now more often seen by us human as he mining increases day by day due to the demand of more requirement of these natural resources. If we don’t do something fast, all the earth resources will be gone too and our health will also be affected by these mining of these materials and metals.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6103382.stm

My point of view

From what I read, I must say that this excessive mining of the earth’s resources would have be very harmful to the environment as they make use of very large amount of chemicals to treat the land for usage again.

However if they don’t do so to reclaim the land, the top soil might be removed and this could lead to desertification and the land would not be able to use again. This would greatly impact the earth as we do have limited land and we should reclaim them as much as possible. But due to the fact that the mining business owners wanted to get rich or expand their business, many do not do so and cause many precious lands to go wasted.

Even more, the chemical used might seep to reach the underground water and pollute them as an result and this will also affect people staying nearby who use these water for their washing and even bathing.

20-05-07 7.15pm

Saturday, May 19, 2007

Chapter 9 - E- waste recling in India

E-waste recycling in India

There has been more and more waste being thrown away each year. As more waste is produce and we are not able to make good use of then or recycle them, they become wastage. Examples are computers and many more. Now, it is found that there are a lot of toxics in these computer or their parts. Like lead or mercury is commonly found in these old computers. But if we are to burn them, they cause air pollution as they produce poisonous smog by those burning lead and mercury. If they are buried, they cause land wastage. So recycling is the best option as it protects the environment and also save money. Another way out is to use environment friendly products when building these computers. Like using silicon chips so that they can be recycled.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3307815.stm

My point of view

From what I read, I can say that recycling is the best way out as they not only protects the environment. It also teaches other people the importance of the environment and also how we can help to protect it. Recycling these wastes would also create jobs for the people in the country.

19-05-07 11.57pm

Chapter 8 - Mothballs, not just for humans

Mothballs: Not just for humans

Mothballs have many uses for humans like protecting our plants. Seal a plant in a plastic bag with a few moth balls and you will get a cleaned plant without any bugs in a few weeks. It will also keep moths off for a while.

We can also store woolens with mothballs to keep away moths. Not only is that, mothballs also used to keep off mice from our potting shed. Olds ones can even chase off cats and dogs since they hate that smell. It also keeps your books intact as it wards off silverfish and also bats from your house.

http://www.rd.com/content/extraordinary-uses-for-mothballs/

However, there are also other things that use mothballs other than human. Termites had been using them too According to researchers; a species of termite fumigates its underground nests with naphthalene, the active ingredient in mothballs. It makes use of the chemical into the soil and the chew up wood to use to insulate the complex of the tunnels in which the termites live in. The fumes produces keep ants and poisonous fungi and worms away.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/76115.stm








http://re3.mm-a7.yimg.com/image/3938304629

My point of view

From what I read, I must say there are still stuffs that we still do not know which we can use through other functions. And we can simply learn it by studying other living things who cleverly know how to make use of it.

19-05-07 11.35pm

Chapter 7 - Pesticides, Good or Bad??

Pesticides,Good or Bad?

What is pesticide?

Pesticide can be defined as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or lessening the damage of any pests.

There are many different types of pesticides.

1) Bactericides for the control of bacteria
2) Fungicides for the control of fungi and oomycetes
3) Herbicides for the control of weeds
4) Insecticides for the control of insects - these can be Ovicides, Larvicides or Adulticides
5) Miticides for the control of mites
6) Molluscicides for the control of slugs and snails
7) Nematicides for the control of nematodes
8) Rodenticides for the control of rodents
9) Virucides for the control of viruses

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_pesticides_and_biological_control_in_agriculture


Many people claimed that pesticides were the cause of their harm. Like for example the people in the East of England, they claim to be victims of those chemically sprayed crops. This health concern is a problem as there is a help to go about helping it. Even though the government had recommend farmers to inform the public whenever they are spraying, the farmers do not usually care.

This spraying of chemically is hard to prevent from harming the nearby residents as there is no buffer zone separating them. Many people have become victims of these pesticides. There were attempts from environment to improve on the buffer zone of these farms with the houses of people but it was turned down.

However, there are also many farmers complaining that it was the chemical sprays that let the crops have their quantity and quality. Thus the government is actually ignoring requests of environmentalists to make changes the buffer zone level. They are actually protecting the farmers in this way.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/politics_show/3873761.stm

From what I know, the effects of pesticide

Effects of Pesticide

Firstly, pesticide is something used for the control pest. It can prevent the crops from being harm from pest as when the pest eats these pesticides, they actually die. Thus this prevents the crops from being eaten or destroys from insects. This would be the good point of the pesticides.

However there is many other side effect of the crops. Run off of these pesticide is very dangerous to the river as it does pollute them. For example, this pesticide can create eutrophication. This is when the amount of bacteria increases in great numbers blocking the amount of sunlight entering the river. With this problem, aquatic plants are not able to make food through photosynthesis as they are not able to obtain enough sunlight. Thus they will die in this process. As the plants die, the fish in the river is not obtain to have enough oxygen as there is not enough plants to maintain the oxygen level underwater. So they are also affected.

Not only that, too much pesticide applied on the crops is also not good. As the crops are eaten, they might not be very clean and we human or animals actually get some of this pesticide into our body and this is harmful to us.

My point of view

From what I can see, I think the government should restrict the buffer zone that it must be at least a certain distance to prevent any more harm done to the people nearby those farms. Furthermore, they should conduct good check to ensure that these crops and minimum pesticide level and the crop are safe for eating.

This way, there would be lesser people tuning due to pesticide. Pesticide is actually something good. Only when we misuse it, it would then cause harm to us.

19-05-07 11.14pm

Friday, May 18, 2007

Chapter 6 - Pesticides in a third of all our food

Pesticides in a third of all our food

Research have shown that more than one third of the food tested actually contains more than the limiting legal thing found on the food. Further researches confirm that there is actually pesticide in those foods. However, it was lucky to know that most food is just below or at the maximum permitted level.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/breakfast/4585353.stm

A weak dosage of these chemical or pesticides is not very harmful to our body. Before allowing the use of pesticide on food, there is always a check done on the amount of pesticide allowed to remain in the food. We often consider the

1) Toxicity of the pesticide and its break-down produce.
2) How much pesticide is applied
3) How much pesticide remains in or on the food when marketing or preparing

This would ensure the food to be saved for consuming. There is also food test conducted by the United States and only when it passed the test, it can be export to other countries.

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/index.htm

My point of view

From what I can see, pesticide is not really a big problem when we eat in small amount. It is only when huge portions of the food are eaten, and then there would be danger of getting food poisoning. Also, there are usually strict regulations for the food that is imported from other countries. So normally the food we have is usually safe to eat.

This can also be a serious matter as there are also animals eating the fruits or food. If they happen to eat these pesticide filled food, they may also get sick and die. This would affect the food chain of the eco-system. Thus it is very important to keep the pesticide in the food as low as possible.

19-05-2007, 3.55am

Chapter 5 - How healthy is Barbequed Food?

How healthy are barbequed food?

Barbequed food can be nice but when they are not handled properly, they can turn out just as bad as junk food. This is when improper handling of food occurs and these good food might turn out to be a nightmare or you as it may cause food poisoning.

There are a lot of steps to be taken when we handle barbequed food.

1) Always remember to wash our hand before we handle any raw food.
2) Use gloves when handling hot tools or food
3) Raw food should be cooked right away
4) Common lighter should be use with charcoal, not fuel
5) Always store cold food in insulated containers
6) Do not eat overcooked or undercook food
7) Always cook in a steady fire

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/breakfast/4585353.stm

BBQ food is actually not quite good for the health. For the women, if they eat too much BBQ researches have shown that they tend to get breast cancer more easily.

http://www.cancerline.com/cancerlinepat/6096_27023_2_0_0.aspx?mid=1








Barbequed Food

http://mud.mm-a6.yimg.com/image/3551911826

My point of view

Nowadays, people often set up BBQ parties to celebrate events. BBQ food is actually not good for our health as they tend to contain a high level of saturated fats which is unhealthy for our body. It can also cause high blood pressure. When we get over cooked food, we often throw them away and this is wastage. We should try as much as possible to reduce on that so that we would not need to obtain so much food and help save the environment as they will have a longer time to span.

19-05-2007 3.17am

Chapter 4 - Peral River Delta And Yellow River

Pearl River delta and Yellow river

There seems to be a lot of chemical factories located just beside the Pearl River delta and the Yellow river. Therefore, it would be very dangerous for the villagers living near these rivers as any pollution by these chemical plants would mean a lot of harm done to the rivers.

It was said that the fishes were never safe to eat due to the chemical plant leaking toxics into the river on 13 November. The toxin was not removed totally as there is not enough treatment done to totally clean the water.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4642090.stm

My point of view

There should not be any chemical plants build near the rivers or city so that the people will not be affected even if there was any leakage any more in the future. This would ensure the safety of the people as there would not be anyone living near there.

The government should also take extra care in setting the measurement of the safety of the chemical and also set guidelines for these chemical plants to follow. This is very important as it not only help to protect the people in the country,they can also help to protect the environment.

19-05-2007 2.41am

Chapter 3 - Harbin Leaks
















http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41048000/jpg/_41048352_fish-getty203b.jpg

Chapter 3

Harbin leak in China

On November 13 in Jilin, a chemical plant was blasted, causing the pollution of the Songhua River. It had a very serious toxic leak and these toxic actually spread to Russia through the Songhua River nearby. Nitrobenzene level was about 3.7 times more than the healthy rate.
Due to the pollution, the water supply for hot and cold water was cut off for around 40 hours and this provided trouble for the residents living near the polluted river.

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41048000/jpg/_41048352_fish-getty203b.jpg

My point of view

From what I see, China should not have held the leaking of the toxics into the river as a secret and assumed that the water is clean for use as there is no evidence of pollution. They should have been honest with the people as people living near the Songhua River depended on the river water for many uses. If the water is contaminated and the people still continued using, this may cause greater harm to the people there. Therefore, the government should have told them immediately what happened so that they can prevent themselves from getting poisoned.

Also, the safety rules of the chemical plants should also be changed so that it would be more saved from any leakages. This could be done by using more advanced equipment. This preventing of the leakage is very important as once the river gets polluted, not only will the people is affected by it, people from neighboring countries is also affected by it. Also, the environment would also be greatly harmed through this pollution. Like those marine sea creatures will also be affected by those chemicals. Many of them actually cannot live with too much of these toxics in the river.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4474284.stm

19-05-2007 1.13am

Chapter 2 - The Ten Plagues

Chapter 2

The ten plagues

The first plague - river water turned to blood
The second plague - frogs
The third plague - gnats
The fourth plague - flies
The fifth plague - death of livestock
The sixth plague - boils
The seventh plague - hail
The eighth plague - locusts
The ninth plague - darkness
The tenth plague - death of the firstborn

There were many theories trying to explain these ten plagues. Because there are still many parts where the plagues were not able to be explained clearly, until now, there are still many people trying to completely understand why such things actually happened.

For example the pfisteria theory, it actually has many explanations to about six of the plagues but not all. In 1999, when the catastrophe happened, people found the sudden turning of river water to blood and people working there was suddenly covered with sores.

The causes of this were found to be pollution of the pig’s farm further up from a pig farm. Pig waste was found in the water and many of them actually caused a micro-organism called pfisteria. It turns the harmless to a poison. This pollution also drove frogs to their death, leading to the outburst of flies and lice. These pests can carry and transmitted disease from livestock to us, humans.


Another theory would be the volcano theory.
On May 17th 1980, in the North West of America, Mount St Helens volcano erupted, killing everything within 20 miles. It caused so much damage that ash columns were ejected into the atmosphere, circling the globe within two weeks and causing complete darkness over a radius of 100 miles. It is believe that the volcanic ashes had fallen into the river and leads off a chain effect of the plagues. This would have explained about the first to sixth plagues also. Not only that, the volcano also emits a lot of ashes and could have caused the hail and the darkness.

Not only that, there was also the parting of the red sea which was explained as a tsunami actually scraped across the bottom of the ocean floor in the Mediterranean and disturbed the sediment. Looking at ordinary waves you can see that just before they break, the water withdraws from the shore. A mega-tsunami would siphon billions of gallons of water - not just from the shore but from connecting rivers and lakes - creating dry land for as long as two hours.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/history/moses_4.shtml

My point of view

From what I see, the plagues are actually caused by changes in the environment and caused these ten plagues. It is not by any supernatural stuff. It had scientific explanation.

19-05-2007 12.31am

Wednesday, May 16, 2007

Chapter 1 - Intensive Agriculture

Intensive agriculture

Intensive agriculture is harmful to the environment in many ways. They are often due to cutting down the cost price and damaged the environment. They also affect the food chain of many animals and plants in the ecology system. When we remove buffers to make efficient use of the fields, along with the advantages of lower food cost and more food for the poor, it destroys the natural habitat and also lead to soil and wind erosion of the top soil. The use of fertilizers can influence the aquatic life of the river and lakes. Pesticides uses can kill useful insects when destroying harmful ones.

http://www.answers.com/topic/intensive-farming

Cotton Cultivation









http://mud.mm-a2.yimg.com/image/2238428944

Cotton production is also harmful to the environment if they are used intensively. As surface water is diverted to irrigate the cotton, fresh water has to be taken from sources like lake or river. There are lots of wastage as much of the water is lost through evaporation, seepage and ineffective water management. Wastage should be reduced as fresh water is precious in our environment.

If there is still intensive agriculture of cotton, there might be further damage to the Aral Sea Basin, resulting in a decrease of the surface area of the sea. Activities of cotton include runoffs from field, drainage, pesticide appliance, water withdrawal, extensive irrigation, and land reclamation. These results in eutrophication and also pollution, along with, lose of soil and wild life.

Groundwater depletion is also caused by cotton cultivation. As groundwater is pumped to irrigate the cotton, the water is mix with solid caps which do not allow water to run off and water is precious as it is non-renewable source.

http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/agriculture_environment/commodities/cotton/environmental_impacts/water_use/index.cfm

Report on Poland’s pig farming

The increasing population in many countries is getting higher. Especially in western countries where meat is consumed every meal. Thus the demand of meat is actually getting higher. Poland slaughters about 1.2 millions of their pigs in a year. Around 30~40% of these pork is exported to other countries. Because of that, the number of pig farmers in the country is increasing at a fast rate as people soon saw the opportunities in becoming pig farming and is able to get rich. But due to this increase in the farming of the poverty, there is more farming occurring and this continues and leads to intensive farming, thus creating a lot of problem.

So as to fulfill the high and rising demand, farmers tend to care more about the cost efficiency compared to the environment. They try to save money in every way they can while rising their pigs so that they can earn maximum amount of profits. Like example, when there is a lot of pigs, there would also be an increase in the amounts of waste produce by the pigs. It was found that if the pig’s waste is not cleaned and disposed correctly, it could become a dangerous pollutant.

Pig waste or slurry, could emit toxic gases like ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. If these combine to high concentration, they can cause headaches, eye irritation, mood swings and fatigue. The ammonia produced can also cause problems when it seeps through the soil and reaches the underground water. It can pollute the river and cause the rapid growth of bacteria and leads to many aquatic creatures’ problem. These Nitrates when drunk could also be a risk to human life.

Not only that the waste from the pigs is problematic, it is also believed that pig manure also contain antibiotic resistant diseases. These resistant diseases can actually harm other pigs and even humans. The waste is mixed with straw and known as processed and is harmless. But it is found that the permitted level of antibiotic is 15~30 times more than the allowed level.

As Poland produces cheap and high quality pork, they actually pollute the environment through the above mentioned problems and this also contributes to intensive agriculture as there is a lot of pig farming. This created many problems and harm to the environment.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4035081.stm

My point of view

From what I see, I think the government should seriously control the way farmers handle their pigs. They go all out to save money and totally ignore about the environment and harm the environment. Thus when the government control the farmers, they actually help the environment a lot. There are a few ways which the government can help. One example will be to educate the farmers on how they should properly clean away the pig‘s waste so that the environment will not be endangered. Thus in this way, the farmers will know the importance of the environment and will not harm it anymore.

Copyrighted. U copy you die =) 18-05-207 11.45pm

HI!!!

Hi!!! My Name is Wei Kai from 1E01 of year 2007 Ngee Ann Poly, Civil & Environment Engineering.. Just started this blog just for your!!